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Actively explore the competitive two-part pricing mechanism model and shared energy storage business model. For the grid side energy storage with significant social benefits, such as ensuring the safety and stability of the power grid, providing emergency power supply guarantee, improving the system's absorption capacity of new energy, resource tight areas in the station corridor and weak areas of the power grid, it is suggested to actively explore the competitive two-part electricity price mechanism, reduce the capacity and electricity charge through bidding mode, and optimize the allocation of resources. At the same time, it actively integrates energy storage resources of power supply, power grid and user side, adopts shared energy storage mode, and strives for multiple benefits.Explore and develop carbon assets and urge the introduction of carbon market support policies. In addition to making full use of the carbon emission reduction support tools and preferential policies issued by the central bank and the Ministry of Finance, we should actively urge the release of carbon market support policies. On the one hand, we should make full use of the energy storage loss reduction benefits to produce carbon emission reduction benefits; On the other hand, based on energy storage + comprehensive energy, energy storage (pooled) + new energy, energy storage + electric energy replacement, etc., explore and develop carbon assets. Through the national certified voluntary emission reduction (CCER) market, or urge the release of carbon market trading support policies, part of the energy storage investment can be recovered.Optimization of investment and financing way, urged related investment and financing support policies. By applying the carbon emission reduction policy tools launched by the central bank and the Ministry of Finance, the government investment platform should be encouraged to set up green industry investment funds or green bonds together with social capital from various parties, expand financing channels and strive for tax incentives, green finance loans and other policies, so as to obtain more social capital or preferential policies and reduce financing costs.We will promote the improvement of calculation methods for indirect benefits of energy storage and support the calculation of energy storage value. At present, various business models are difficult to reflect the regulatory resource value of energy storage. Although there are currently group standards for evaluating the economic benefits of electric energy storage, the calculation methods of some indirect benefit parameters, such as alternative value and reliability value, are still to be refined. It is necessary to continuously accumulate data through practical projects, measure the social benefits of energy storage scientifically and reasonably, and support the calculation of energy storage value.We will improve the market mechanism for ancillary services. We will promote the market for power auxiliary services to better reflect the market value of flexible regulatory resources such as energy storage, establish and improve the market for auxiliary services such as frequency modulation and backup, and promote the integration of charge and storage in the source network and the complementary and coordinated operation of multiple energy sources. Explore the introduction of climbing auxiliary service mechanism, gradually expand the scope of participants in the climbing market, gradually introduce independent energy storage to participate in the climbing market transactions, and establish a reasonable cost sharing mechanism.Strengthen the access of functional alternative energy storage facilities on the grid side and relevant review of application scenarios. Current policies have defined the application scenarios of grid-side energy storage in key grid nodes, resource-constrained areas in station site corridors, weak grid areas, and important power users, laying a foundation for the relevance identification of energy storage as an alternative to transmission and distribution facilities. Therefore, in the above application scenarios, when the life-cycle economy of power grid functional alternative energy storage facilities has competitive advantages in the feasibility study, it is necessary to strengthen the examination of the access conditions and application scenarios of power grid functional alternative energy storage facilities, and promote the introduction of identification standards for power grid functional alternative energy storage facilities.Strengthen the comparison and demonstration of the whole life cycle economy of alternative plans, promote the improvement of various standards for new energy storage, and support the cost rationality assessment. At present, the industry is organizing the establishment of quotas, budgeting and calculation standards for electric energy storage projects. The introduction of these standards will provide pricing basis for electric energy storage projects and lay a foundation for the supervision of new energy storage investment costs. In addition, the "14th Five-Year Plan for National Fire Control Work" and "14th Five-Year Plan for National Emergency System" both require to strengthen the source management of fire control design of construction projects around the fire safety risks of new materials and new forms of business, such as new energy storage facilities, so that the investment proportion of fire safety system will potentially increase. Therefore, in addition to strengthening the comparison and demonstration of the life-cycle economy of alternative solutions, various standards such as fire safety of new energy storage should be promoted to become the basis for the rationalization of energy storage investment costs.   

In 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission of China and the National Energy Administration of China successively issued the Implementation Plan for the Development of New Energy Storage in the 14th Five-Year Plan (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) and the Notice on Further Promoting the Participation of New Energy Storage in the Power Market and Dispatching and Utilization, requiring the allocation of energy storage at key nodes of the power grid to improve the safe operation of the large power grid.Tension in site and corridor region delay and alternative transmission infrastructure investment;And further clarified the new type of energy storage market positioning, and gradually establish and improve relevant market mechanism, price mechanism and operating mechanism.Under "double carbon" goal, the role of energy storage location provides support for energy storage and energy storage industry policy development, the development of the grid side storage also will impact on power grid investment company. The new policy encourages grid companies to invest in energy storageSince the National Development and Reform Commission of China issued the Opinions on Further Improving the Price Formation Mechanism of Pumped Storage, the mechanism for channeling investment costs of pumped storage power stations has been gradually improved. The Plan proposes to establish a capacity electricity price mechanism for independent energy storage power stations at the grid side, that is, the capacity electricity fee corresponding to the capacity electricity price is included in the recovery of power transmission and distribution price, and the cost and income of energy storage facilities that replace power transmission and distribution are included in the power transmission and distribution price. According to the consensus formed by the implementation plan, this policy provides the possibility for power grid enterprises to invest in new energy storage. However, the policy is still relatively macro at present, and the implementation route, access conditions and operation rules are not clear.At the same time, when grid-side energy storage is developed based on effective incentive mechanism, once grid companies invest in this field, investment supervision will be stricter, so as to avoid project losses caused by investment impulse or raising the cost of the entire power system.If the cost benefits of grid side energy storage are to be recovered through transmission and distribution price, feasibility study and demonstration should be done, and the most important principle of "relevance, rationality and legality" of transmission and distribution price should be clearly explained, whether it is a substitute for transmission and distribution facilities and whether it is more economical. Otherwise, the investment cost cannot be regulated through transmission and distribution price. Moreover, once the energy storage cost and income on the grid side are included in the electricity transmission and distribution price, the relevant supervision work will be further refined.Significance of rational distribution of energy storage on grid sideFirstly, conducive to the stable operation of the power grid. The plan defines four major scenarios for energy-storage layout on the grid side. First, key grid nodes with load-intensive access, large-scale new energy pooling, large-capacity DC feed-in, difficulty in peak and frequency regulation and insufficient voltage support capacity are located. Second, in the station site corridor resource shortage area; Third, in the weak areas of the power grid, such as in the remote areas where the power supply capacity is insufficient at the end of the grid or the grid is not covered; Fourth, as an emergency backup power supply for important power users, such as the government, hospitals, data centers, etc. The rational layout of new energy storage facilities on the side of the power grid will improve the safe and stable operation level of the large power grid as well as the capacity of supply protection and emergency response, reduce transmission line congestion, and delay the investment in transmission and distribution facilities.Secondly, reasonable digestion system power supply cost. The large-scale development of energy storage needs the corresponding price mechanism to effectively channel the cost. If the capacity electricity fee is included in the transmission and distribution price, taking the lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage as an example, the general bid price in 2021 will be 1,400 yuan/KWH, the project scale will be 83.3 MW /166.6 MW/h, the capital ratio will be 20%, the operating life will be 21 years, the battery will be replaced once every 10 years, and the battery replacement cost will be 700 yuan/KWH. According to the capital yield of 6.5% calculation, capacity electricity price is 294.7 yuan/kw. Assuming that the newly-built scale of new energy storage on the power grid side of Jiangsu Province is considered as 500 MW, the electricity charge of new energy storage capacity will be increased by 294.7 million yuan per kilowatt based on the capacity electricity price of 294.7 million yuan per kilowatt per year, and the increased part of the electricity price transmitted to the electricity selling side will be about 0.00047 yuan per kilowatt hour. In the context of building a new power system and electricity reform, the contradiction between rising cost on the supply side and decreasing cost on the demand side is faced. However, considering the utility of new energy storage in building a new power system, and the increase of electricity consumption in the whole society of the province, the increase of selling price is within the range of the carrying capacity of the whole society, it is basically reasonable and feasible to plan the recovery of energy storage capacity through electricity transmission and distribution price.

            The Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) has released an update to its 2022 Electricity Opportunities Statement (ESOO) report, which makes clear the urgent need to invest in generation, long-term storage and transmission to meet the reliability requirements of Australia's electricity system over the next decade.This update to the statement is due to the changes in generation capacity of different types of power sources since the launch of ESOO 2022, as well as insights from surveys of developers and market participants, and a combined reference to documents such as the AEMO's Generation Information and Transmission Enhancement Information. AEMO chief executive Daniel Westerman said the update reaffirmed the urgent need for timely investment in generation, long-term energy storage and transmission to fill the forecast reliability gap as Australia rapidly moves away from its reliance on traditional coal power.           He mentioned that since the release of the 2022 ESOO, short term forecast reliability gaps in South Australia (2023-24) and Victoria (2024-25) have been filled by the development of new gas generation, wind and battery storage, while the decommissioning of existing gas generators has been delayed. Therefore, no new Retailer Reliability Obligation (RRO) reliability tool is required in this updated reliability forecast. From 2025 onwards, reliability gaps begin to appear compared with interim reliability measures. From 2027, projected utilization in all continental regions is expected to exceed reliability standards, and by 2031-2032, all continental regions are expected to violate reliability standards, with at least five coal-fired power plants expected to be retired, representing approximately 13% of total NEM capacity. There is therefore an urgent need for urgent and sustained investment in renewable energy, long-term storage and transmission to reliably meet the needs of Australian households and businesses. The details are shown in the following figure:            Since the release of the 2022 ESOO last August, the entire NEM 1,326 megawatts (MW) of wind energy and 461 megawatts (604 MWh) of battery storage projects have met AEMO's commitment criteria. The delayed shutdown of the Osborn Power Station (SA), the newly operational Bolivar Power Station (SA) and the Waratah Superbattery Project (NSW), as well as related power transmission upgrades and System Integrity and Protection programmes (SIPS), have strengthened near-term reliability forecasts.           SIPS provides a virtual transmission power delivery solution that unlocks the capacity of existing transmission systems, allowing electricity consumers in demand centres in Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong to get more energy from existing generators. "NEM has a large number of proposed power generation and storage projects, tripling total generation capacity, with large solar, wind and batteries accounting for 86 percent," Westerman said. "Investment in rugged power generation, such as pumped storage, natural gas and long-term storage, is essential to complement our growing weather-dependent renewable generation to meet electricity demand without coal," he said.The update also highlights the risk of an event in which electricity demand could outstrip power supply. These events may be driven by weather uncertainty or other conditions, such as generator or transmission outages, that could erode available supplies when needed.           AEMO will continue to work with governments, market institutions, industry and communities to manage risks and potential solutions as the power system transitions from coal to renewable energy, supported by effective investment in transmission systems.

              On February 8, the International Energy Agency (IEA) released its Electricity Market Report 2023, an in-depth analysis of recent policies, trends and market developments that provides a snapshot of electricity demand, supply and CO2 emissions through 2025.              Renewable energy will dominate the growth of world electricity supply over the next three years, and renewable generation together with nuclear power will meet the vast majority of the increase in global electricity demand by 2025, so carbon emissions from the power sector are unlikely to increase significantly.              The IEA's electricity market report said global electricity demand growth in 2022 would be only 2% due to factors including the energy crisis and unusual weather in some regions. Global electricity demand growth is expected to recover to 3 per cent over the next three years. Emerging economies in Asia are the main drivers of electricity demand growth. That's an increase from 2.4 percent before the pandemic.The report predicts that more than 70% of global electricity demand growth over the next three years will come from China, India and Southeast Asia. China will account for more than 45 percent of renewable energy growth, followed by the European Union at 15 percent and the United States at 6 percent.China's share of global electricity consumption is now expected to rise from a quarter in 2015 to a record one-third by 2025. At the same time, advanced economies are looking to expand the use of electricity to replace fossil fuels for transportation, heating and industry.              Fatih Birol, executive director of the IEA, said: "Global electricity demand growth will be even higher, with new global electricity demand in the next three years being twice as much as Japan's current electricity consumption. The good news is that renewables and nuclear are growing fast enough to meet almost all the new demand, suggesting that we are close to a tipping point for power sector emissions. Governments now need to accelerate the growth of low-carbon electricity and reduce emissions so that the world can meet climate targets while ensuring secure electricity supplies."While gas generation in the EU is expected to decline in the coming years, based on current trends, this decline will be partially offset by growth in gas generation in the Middle East. A sharp spike in gas prices during the energy crisis helped fuel electricity price spikes in some markets, particularly in Europe, which sparked debate in policy circles about reforms to electricity market design.Meanwhile, despite an increase in nuclear development and restarts in Japan, the expected decline in coal-fired power generation in Europe and the US is likely to be matched by an increase in the Asia-Pacific region. This means that after reaching an all-time high in 2022, global carbon dioxide emissions from power generation will remain at roughly the same level until 2025.              Strong growth in renewables means their share of the global power generation mix is expected to rise from 29 per cent in 2022 to 35 per cent in 2025, while the share of coal and gas-fired generation will decline. As a result, global CO2 emissions intensity from power generation will continue to decline in the coming years. In 2022, however, the CO2 intensity of power generation in Europe increased due to increased use of coal and natural gas, as drought in Europe led to a sharp decline in hydropower and nuclear production. The setback will be temporary, though, as emissions from power generation in Europe are expected to fall by an average of about 10 per cent a year until 2025.