Yes, completely, and the performance is better.

The raw materials and internal structure of green tech supercapacitor battery are different with ordinary battery.

And it is with very long life, high power, fast charge and discharge, safe and reliable.

The use method of supercapacitor battery is very similar to lithium battery and the operation is simple and convenient.

You can use it according to the method of lithium battery.

Yes, each GTCAP supercapacitor battery module integrates an intelligent BMS to protect the cell super capacitor batteries and the system.

No, please just using one battery type per system.

Some of the modules designed can be used in parallel, and it must be operated according to the operation manual.

This is an extra option already installed and operational on some large electric vehicle systems with parallel battery systems. It gives the reassurance that in the event of a single point fault the remaining portion of the battery pack will continue to provide energy. It is enabled through extra control and switching wiring and also involves an additional level of management control supervision which Green Tech have developed and can support.

The fundamental safety rule is that lithium batteries at different states of charge should not be connected together. Electrical isolation of batteries at different states of charge must be maintained until all modules in the pack (including the new replacement) are fully charged. For help to achieve this it is strongly advisable to contact the Applications Engineering team for support. Only certified technicians are allowed to modify power cabling and installations.

The important factors are to match.

● the battery pack voltage and system minimum and maximum voltages.

● the battery capacity in Amp hours needs to be matched with nominal current consumption and run-time.

● the system peak discharge current must be carefully matched to battery specification and if necessary a larger capacity pack chosen to prevent overheating.

● the total weight and dimensions also need to balance with these overall factors.

This really depends on the environment and the typical energy usage profile. A small capacity pack which is being “worked hard” will generate more heat than larger capacity pack. (Ask Green Tech for advice!)

Any orientation is possible as there is no free electrolyte inside, however we recommend the terminals are upright, particularly when sideways mounted. (no upside down orientation with terminals on the bottom).

Due to the way the supercapacitor batteries are constructed from many internal cell blocks it is very important that during charging these cell blocks are allowed to balance (i.e. reach the same charge level), otherwise the total battery output performance would be limited by the cell block which is lowest charge state.

This balancing should be performed as often as possible to keep the overall capacity optimum and ensure that all super capacitor batteries within a pack are contributing equally to the total output.

• ● The complex SOC algorithm has been developed by GTCAP to give a prediction of the remaining capacity based on many real time measurements inside each of the modules. The accuracy of the SOC is very good but its linearity benefits from regular full charge (100% SOC) & cell balancing, and also from periodic discharge below approx. 20% where a re-calibration is performed on each module.
• ● Generally in vehicle applications we advise the period of this re-calibration can be determined during initial trials so that it can be incorporated within a timeframe alongside other service intervals.
• ● At low consumption it is important to note that the SOC of the battery can drift – a regular full charge of the batteries does help limit the drift.

Only the chargers that have a float phase can be connected permanently to supercapacitor batteries. When batteries are fully charged the charger will remain in floating mode.

• ● The super capacitor battery does not exhibit any ‘memory’ effect in the way other types of batteries do, so remain usable across 100% of capacity. However, the batteries must remain above minimum voltage (>2.5V per cell block) to protect the cells from possible reverse currents. Once the battery reaches this minimum level it should not be left at this level and must be recovered up to its normal operational voltage as soon as possible.
• ● For the EDLC the minimum voltage per cell is defined at 2.5V. For the super capacitor batteries it is 2.5V per cell block.
• ● In case of deep discharge we can sometimes recover the super capacitor battery with a very low current. It is not recommended unless it is performed within our laboratory or in specific situations at the customer with Green Tech expert/engineering assistance.

• ● Yes, there is a small self-discharge with traction batteries but they can be stored, when full, for up to 6 months without needing to be re-charged. Caution: the self-discharge is accelerated with higher storage temperature (>45 degrees C).
• ● The traction batteries have internal protection electronics which consume current and if stored need to be put into ‘shelf mode’ for reduced current drain.
• ● In all situations it is advisable to check the condition and state of charge periodically to ensure that batteries are not over discharged.

A Battery Management System is necessary for control and protection during discharge and charging. The BMS provides CAN bus or RS485 communication of battery status ‘state of charge’ and alarms etc. It may also be used without CAN bus interface with just basic analog inputs and outputs for simpler systems.

Green Tech uses only CAN or RS485 open protocol. We can support customers in interfacing & adapting to different protocols they are using.