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The difference between super capacitor and battery

Compared with lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors have the advantages of energy saving, long service life, safety, environmental protection, wide temperature range, fast charging, and no manual maintenance. This article introduces the performance comparison of supercapacitors with other energy storage products, such as comparison with various batteries, and the possibility of substitution.

The reason why it is called a super capacitor is that the capacitance value of the super capacitor is all Farad level, and can provide a charge and discharge quickly, which is not possible with traditional capacitors or batteries. The following describes the different application ranges of various products. The abscissa is the energy flow density, and the ordinate is the energy density. From it, you can see which part is the application range of the battery, which part is the application range of the traditional capacitor, and which one is the super capacitor. The scope of application.

We know that the charging and discharging of the battery is about 1 hour to 10 hours, while the traditional capacitor is used as a filter, the charging and discharging is in 0.03 seconds, but the super capacitor is about 1 second, basically from 0.1 second Up to 10 seconds, this is exactly what the car needs to use when starting, such as braking. Of course, any equipment such as a wind energy pitch system, when pitching, must provide energy during this time period. The energy flow density and energy density of supercapacitors are very high.

Supercapacitors use physical methods to store energy, and batteries use chemical reactions to store energy, so the battery’s reaction time will be long, and supercapacitors can quickly charge and discharge. This is the root cause and super The performance advantage of the capacitor lies.

The traditional energy storage system uses lead-acid batteries. Take wind power as an example. When there is wind, it is generated by a wind turbine, and when there is no wind, it is powered by an energy storage system. When the power supply is disconnected for switching, the lead-acid battery needs more than ten seconds of reaction time. At this time, it can be assisted by super capacitors. Since the super capacitor stores the charge, it can be quickly replenished and released, while the battery needs to be charged and discharged through a chemical reaction.

In these ten seconds, the super capacitor can provide short-term energy to ensure the stability of the power supply. Supercapacitors can work between -40°C and 65°C, covering PC operating temperature range of -20°C to 60°C and battery operating temperature of 0°C to 50°C. Supercapacitors are power-intensive components, but have a short discharge time, while batteries are energy-intensive components and have a long discharge time.

The application of super capacitor is mainly used as a backup power supply and provide peak power. When the super capacitor is used as a backup power source, it has the characteristics of high reliability, maintenance-free, long life and wide operating temperature range. Because the super capacitor can charge and discharge high power, it can store the braking energy of trains and urban light rails and provide peak power during acceleration, or can provide peak power when the electric motor starts when the crane is hoisted.

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Recently, the new graphene-based high-energy lithium-ion capacitor technology developed by the Qingdao Energy Storage Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences passed the expert appraisal and evaluation organized by the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation in Beijing.

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Lithium batteries and supercapacitors are two very potential and widely used energy storage devices.

Compared with lithium batteries, supercapacitors have fast charging and discharging speed, high efficiency, long cycle life and high safety.
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